Nnomenclature of alkanes pdf merger

Alkane names, formulas, properties memorize sections 3. When there are two or more parent chains of identical length, choose the parent chain with. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, so the study of organic chemistry is important because all living things are based on carbon compounds. A systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the international union of pure and applied chemistry iupac.

Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes iupac. In addition, the type of bonding in organic compounds is almost always covalent. There are two ways of writing a condensed structural formula. To me it appears like a primeval tropical forest full of the most remarkable things, a dreadful endless jungle into. Carbons on the end of a chain are attached to three hydrogens. The international union of pure and applied chemistry iupac is the organization that assigns names to chemical compounds, and these names generally have three. Alkenes and alkynes, on the other hand, are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Carbons in the middle of a chain are attached to two hydrogens.

Organic chemistry science at yorkdale with jessica. A systematic method for the naming of many organic compounds is contained in the iupac publication. To combine the two we can then call the substituents as 3,3 dimethyl. Branched chain alkanes identify the longest chain of carbon atoms. Tells how many carbons are in the longest continuous chain. H 3 c ch 2 ch 2 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 ch 2 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 parent pentene not hexene. The longest continuous carbon chain in the compound is the parent chain. It only has three carbons notice the parent name is propan which means it is a saturated 3 carbon molecule and the hydroxyl group which makes it an alcohol is on the 2nd carbon. The first four members of the series in terms of number of carbon atoms are named as follows. Reactions of alkanes the alkanes and cycloalkanes, with the exception of cyclopropane, are probably the least chemically reactive class of organic compounds. Parent chain is named with the help of greek alphabets such as hepta, octa etc. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain as the parent chain.

Combine the proper prefix, infix, and suffix, and write the iupac name for each compound. Structure and nomenclature of substituted alkanes in the alkanes. The proper iupac name for isopropyl alcohol is 2propanol or propan2ol. For making models of alkanes, you can use toothpicks for bonds and plasticine balls for atoms. Alkanes 2 organic chemistry nowadays almost drives me mad. Nomenclature of alkanes rules of naming alkanes step 4. These names and additional information about the naming of complex branched alkanes are included in rule a2 of nomenclature of organic. Ethylene and acetylene are synonyms in the iupac nomenclature system for ethene and ethyne, respectively. Count the number of carbons in the ring, and add the prefix cyclo to the iupac name of the unbranched alkane that has that number of carbons. Identify each as an alkane, an alkene, or an alkyne. Alkanes are comprised of a series of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. In case of alkenes and alkynes, hydrocarbon chain with double and triple bond is chosen as parent chain. Official iupac naming recommendations are not always followed in practice, and the common or trivial name may be used. Ch 3 ch ch ch 2 ch 2 ch 2 ch 2 ch 3 ch 3 ch 3 7 carbons heptb.

Please give the iupac name for the following structures. Page 1 naming alkynes o naming alkynes is just like naming alkanes o to start, replace the ending ane with yne o triple bonds get the lowest possible number on the parent carbon chain. Plastic products, gasoline, natural gas alkanes are necessary for us to have these. Learn the important physical and chemical properties of the alkanes. The parent name of the alkene comes from the iupac name for the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms, except the. Applying the four nomenclature rules to the following compound. Nov 11, 2012 powerpoint and afl task for teaching alkanes and alkenes. For example, if the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms containing a double bond has five carbon atoms, the compound is a pentene. In case of alkenes double bond linkages are seen and in alkynes, triple bond linkages are present.

Alkanes hydrocarbon chains where all the bonds between carbons are single bonds name uses the ending ane examples. The nomenclature becomes more complex if the alkane branches. Branched alkanes containing three or more carbon atoms in their longest chain have isomers with unique names iii. Carbon is unique in that it can form up to four bonds in a compound, so they can easily bond with other carbon atoms, forming long chains or rings. In such a case, there are several rules that you must follow to give the alkane the correct name. Name the parent hydrocarbon by locating the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond and name it according to the number of carbons with the suffix ene. Draw the structural formula and line angle formula for the following molecules.

Lower molecular weight alkanes tend to be gases and liquids, while larger alkanes are solid at room temperature. Learn the iupac system for naming alkanes and cycloalkanes. However, the iupac lays down certain rules for the nomenclature of alkanes. Write the name of the compound as a single word in generating the name of an alkane, use hyphens to separate the different prefixes of substituents from location numbers and use commas to separate numbers. Chapter 2 alkanes key concepts nomenclature for unbranched alkanes dispersion london forces constitutional isomers nomenclature for. If more than one different chains are of equal length number of carbons, choose the one with the greater number of branch points substituents as the parent. Cycloalkanes are alkanes that contain a ring of three or more carbons. Alkenes find many diverse applications in industry. For alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons, spring models can be constructed. Number core chain from an end nearest a substituent 3. Now that we understand much more of the way in which atoms combine, we can. Alkanes to alkynes and aromatics free download as powerpoint presentation. In addition to carbon dioxide, water and heat a variety of products are possible.

Higher alkenes and alkynes are named by counting the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain that includes the double or triple bond and appending an ene alkene or yne alkyne suffix to the stem name of the. The longest hydrocarbon chain is selected and is termed as parent chain in case of alkanes. If two or more substituents are present, cite them in alphabetical order. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds and are quite reactive. Alkanes when we combine the two high bond enthalpy and being nonpolar this makes alkanes quite unreactive alkanes dont react with acidsbases or oxidizing agents this is a useful trait and alkanes are used as lubricating agents and the backbone of polymers but when the do react look out. For example, butane may be written as ch 3 ch 2 ch 2 ch 3 or ch 3 ch 2 2 ch 3. Complex organic compounds can perform a number of useful biological functions vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, atp, dna, rna are all organic compounds which are studied in biochemistry. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes and alkenes free download as powerpoint presentation. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. Alkanes that have carbons that are bonded to more than 2.

In the alkanes notes, you learned about two systems of naming molecules. Nomenclature of organic chemistry 1979 and clarified in a guide to iupac nomenclature of organic compounds recommendations 1993. Longest hydrocarbon chain is selected and is termed as parent chain in case of alkanes. Hydrocarbon nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes britannica. Despite their relative inertness, alkanes undergo several important reactions that are discussed in the following section. They are used as starting materials in the syntheses of alcohols, plastics, laquers, detergents, and fuels. This naming system is useful for small alkanes and loses its utility for higher alkanes with many isomers. More than 16,000,000 organic compounds are known, as opposed to about 600,000 inorganic compounds. The name of an alkane consists of two parts a prefix and a. Module 3 alkanes and alkyl halides lecture 4 alkanes nptel. Alkanes that have more than three carbon atoms form structural isomers.

Alkanes are often referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon hydrocarbon nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes. There are four parts to the name of a branched hydrocarbon 1. Alkanes with unbranched carbon chains are simply named by the number of carbons in the chain. Notice that the parent name comes from the longest continuous carbon chain, which begins with the carbon of the ch 3 group at the bottom of the structural formula a and goes to the carbon of the ch 3 group on the top right side of the formula b. Rules underlying iupac nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are discussed below. Alkanes are organic compounds that consist of singlebonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are not very reactive molecules and do not have biological activity. B these intermediates combine rapidly with water vapor in the atmosphere to form. Apr 05, 2014 alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. Alkanes formula, definition, structure, properties, videos. Alkanes chemical nomenclature assigns compounds a unique name that allows them to be easily identified and structurally understood.